Carl Jung And Sigmund Freud - 1977 Words

Before going over the differences between the two psychologist, Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud, covering the similarities between them is just as important in the world of psychology. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud both subscribe to the idea that there is a conscious mind and an unconscious mind. Our unconscious mind is basically where we store all of our repressed traits and that they kind of agreed on even though Jung believed that we also store ancestral memory, but we will go into that difference later. They both believed that the unconscious is basically where we kept everything that we were not having in our conscious mind, and whenever we dream that is when these symbols can come out in order for us to realize them in a context like†¦show more content†¦Third, Freud believed that repressions mostly came from childhood trauma whereas Jung believed that even though childhood trauma of course is a major area where people repress things that repressions can happen throughout li fe and it is whatever the ego doesn’t want to have be associated with self, becomes a repression. Sigmund Freud believed that the unconscious was basically a storage shed for all of our physiological instincts that we can not bring out in our daily life, primarily the sexual instinct. So whenever dream symbols come up or troubling dreams happen, it is as a result of repression of those baser drives and they are essentially wish fulfillments that we can’t otherwise have fulfilled in waking like. Freud kind of brought everything back to the sexual libido perspective with a couple exceptions. For the most part, he believed that because we repressed our sexuality we were not able to meet particular milestones, and if you did not get past those particular things it would cause neuroses for you in life and so dreams essentially happened so that you could have a chance of hitting those particular developmental milestones. Freud himself was the first psychiatrist to really hav e the idea that there is a difference between our unconscious and conscious minds. It is his brain, his idea but he the unconscious mind was just a trash can, he thought you were your conscious mind, from the moment you openedShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud and Carl Jung1331 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud and Carl Jung Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung begun their relationship in 1906, when Carl Jung sent Freud a copy of his signed published studies, But Jung did not know that Sigmund Freud actually already owned a copy (well-Documented). Jung looked up to Freud and saw him as a father figure (well-Documented). Freud became Jung’s Mentor. In 1909, Freud and Jung toured the United States, and this is were they had a few disagreement on the unconscious mind. Jung thought Freud was negativeRead MoreCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud1412 Words   |  6 PagesCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousnessRead MoreSigmund Freud And Carl Jung1830 Words   |  8 Pages2015 Freud vs. Jung â€Å"One repays a teacher badly if one remains only a pupil. And why, then, should you not pluck at my laurels? You respect me; but how if one day your respect should tumble? Take care that a falling statue does not strike you dead! You had not yet sought yourselves when you found me. Thus do all believers -- Now I bid you lose me and find yourselves; and only when you have all denied me will I return to you.† (Nietzsche Quoted by Jung to Freud, 1912), [McGuire, 1974] Sigmund FreudRead MoreSigmund Freud And Carl Jung1949 Words   |  8 PagesSigmund Freud and Carl Jung are two of the world’s greatest historical personality theorists who studied the conscious and unconscious states of mind (Friedman Schustack 2011). Most importantly they worked together and built a friendship until their friendship was severed, and Carl Jung broke away from Sigmund Freud. There are allegations that their relationship was broken because of their disagreements pertaining to differential views of developmental psychology and individual personality theoriesRead MoreDreams: Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pagesdreams actually work there are two psychologists that have been able to pinpoint the true meaning of dreams. These two men are Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud. There are many different perceptions on how people dream, what dreams mean, and why people dream. Sigmund Freud is known as the father of psychoanalysis, along with a psychologist, physiologist, and medical doctor. Freud worked with Joseph Breuer to develop the theory of how the mind is a complex energy system.Throughout Freud’s life he encounteredRead MoreThe Personality Theories Of Sigmund Freud ( 1856-1939 ) And Carl Jung2919 Words   |  12 Pagespersonality theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Carl Jung (1875-1961). Prior to Freud, personality psychology did not exist. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory conceptualized personality development in terms of psychosexual stages whereby personality was fixed by middle childhood. Freud explained that mental and physical illnesses were the result of an individual not being aware of the inner conflict which was experienced due to repressed infantile sexuality (Friedman Schustack, 2012). Jung, as part of theRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of the Psychoanalytic Theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Alders1012 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences in the three theories that derived by Sigmund Freund, Carl Jung and Alfred Alders. The study will look at my personal opinion on the characteristics of the theory. An examination on the stages of Freuds theory will help to dissect personal characteristics (Burger, 2011). The use of real life examples will help to determine the Freudian defense mechanism theory. The similarities and the differences on psychoanalysis theories Sigmund Freund outlined childhood events as a major contributoryRead MoreFreud and Jungs Father/Son Relationship835 Words   |  4 PagesFreudJung Introduction The relationship between Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud began in 1906 when Jung sent Freud a signed copy of his published studies. Unknown to Jung, Freud had already purchased his own copy of the book after hearing how favorably his name figured into the writings. Six months later, Freud sent a collection of his latest published essays to Jung in Zà ¼rich.(The Well-Documented Friendship of Carl Jung Sigmund Freud, 2014,p.1) When the two were finally able to meetRead More Freud and Jung Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesFreud and Jung The psychological genre as it relates to sociological and medicinal matters has gained an increasing amount of scientific approval. Impartiality and the scientific method are both integral components to a psychologist’s mode of practice. However, even the most esteemed of psychologists can only speculate at what makes human beings act the way they do. Absolutes play no function in psychology. Everything is relative and open to conjecture. Theologians give us their visions or thoughtsRead MoreEssay on Psychoanalysis1148 Words   |  5 Pagesmind. This would be Sigmund Freud. Freud, along with Carl G. Jung and Alfred Adler, has impacted the history of psychoanalysis. Further, he has influenced the lives of the men and women during the early 1900s. In todays society, the history of psychoanalysis is continually being discussed among many scholars. Paul Roazen, author of Encountering Freud: The Politics and Histories of Psychoanalysis, has dedicated his professional career to researching the impact of Freud and his followers not

A Brief Note On Death With Standardized Testing - 1471 Words

To Death with Standardized Testing High-stakes standardized is a hot topic all across the United States at the moment. Some people are for it while others are against it. As many would argue, standardized testing provides a benchmark for student’s progress in the classroom and that it holds teachers and students accountable for their work. On the contrary, standardized testing is more destructive to a student and even a teacher’s educational experiences. Therefore, standardized testing such as the SAT and ACT as well as many others should be eliminated because they are a judgement of a student’s performance on only one day whether that day is good or bad (â€Å"Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing, 2013), they put a tremendous amount of stress on students, and â€Å"testing bias† poses a very relevant problem as well. Everybody has bad days. There’s no way around it. So why judge a student of their â€Å"academic abilities† with a test that only lasts one day? It doesn†™t seem to make much sense. Yet, schools and academic advisors make such a big deal about these tests that students are afraid to miss them. â€Å"Encouraged not to miss testing days, children come to school ill and not at their full ability for successful performance† (Cox). By doing so, the school system is setting student’s up to fail. They are setting student’s up to be unsuccessful. These big tests seem pointless anyways. Students go to school eight months out of the year where they are taught and given smaller tests fromShow MoreRelatedCross-Cultural Assessment of Psychological Assessment Measures7333 Words   |  30 PagesInternational Guidelines on test use (Foxcroft and Roodt, p14). Within this context, some staff members have negative perceptions about the nature of psychological testing in the South African context. Many of these concerns are quite understandable in the light of the history of South Africa with regard to the misuse of Psychological Testing. Testing can never-the–less be a very useful way of obtaining objective information, economically and quickly about potential candidates when used fairly and withoutRead MoreSchool Entrance Or Kindergarten Entrance Age And The Policies That Guide Them5075 Words   |  21 Pagespolicies will be presented followed by a brief look at some of the research which impacts SEA policies. The conclusion of the paper will offer an evaluation of the policies followed by a few recommendations for policymakers pursuing effective SEA policies. Historical Context The concept of kindergarten was developed by Friedrich Froebel in the nineteenth century. Froebel returned to Berlin after the war to care for his brother’s young children after his death (Muelle, 2013). This decision lead toRead MoreHow Technology Is The Future3613 Words   |  15 Pagesrepetitive testing, greater productivity, ease of locating vital records, and greater methods of communication with our counterparts, savings in time and efficiency speak for themselves. As shown in the list below, provided by HealthIT.gov’s section titled â€Å"Medical Practice Efficiencies and Cost Savings†, we see healthcare practices with EHR systems can expect: †¢ Improved medical practice management through integrated scheduling systems that link appointments directly to progress notes, automateRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 Pageswith Disabilities Act: Effective Communication for People Who Are Deaf/Hard of Hearing ................................................................................................................................................68 ADA Business Brief: DOJ Assistance for Communicating with People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing in Hospital Settings ..69 Settlements and Court Cases Involving Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Persons in Hospital Settings..................................................70 SectionRead MoreTraditional African Family19679 Words   |  79 Pagesand A-level specifications in that area and aim to help students develop the range of skills required for success. Man y of the lesson plans require preparatory reading that could be set as homework before the lesson. Teachers’ notes are provided for each lesson plan. These notes include guidance for lesson aims, the resources and time needed and the appropriate Introduction Sociological perspectives page references from Sociology Themes and Chapter 1 Social stratification Perspectives. (Clicking onRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 Pagesprofessionals have also used the material for self-study. Chapter Organization and Topical Coverage The book contains five parts. Part I is introductory. The first chapter is an introduction to the philosophy and basic concepts of quality improvement. It notes that quality has become a major business strategy and that organizations that successfully improve quality can increase their productivity, enhance their market penetration, and achieve greater profitability and a strong competitive advantage. SomeRead MoreA Concise Guide to Market Research Using Spss71933 Words   |  288 Pagesguide-market-research.com. Several mobile phones have a mobile tag reader readily installed but you can also download a reader for free. In this book, we use QR (quick response) codes x Preface which can be accessed by means of the readers below. Note that the reader you need to install will depend on the type of mobile phone you use. l l l l Kaywa: http://reader.kaywa.com/ i-Nigma: http://www.i-nigma.com/or iPhone App store Upcode: http://www.upcode.com/or iPhone App store Optiscan: iPhoneRead MoreDescription Of A Flight Recorder6028 Words   |  25 Pagesinsulating material and that in turn in is protected by the steel armor. It is a container that protects the device from massive loads, high heat and g-forces. And has the ability to withstand a massive crash. It had to be proven by crash survivability testing. 2.2 Components of the Black Box (google image file) Elements of crash survivability include: †¢ Resistant to impact and G-Forces †¢ Resistant to crushing loads †¢ Resistant to intense heat and heat soaking †¢ Resistant to submersion at great depthsRead MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagesdirectly, (c) interviewing in depth, and (d) analyzing documents and material culture. These form the core of their inquiry—the staples of the diet. Several secondary and specialized methods of data collection supplement them. This chapter provides a brief discussion of the primary and the secondary methods to be considered in designing a qualitative study. This discussion does not replace the many excellent, detailed references on data collection (we refer to several at the end of this chapter). ItsRead MoreData, Analytics, and Competitive Advantage14733 Words   |  59 Pages10.1 Introduction Learning Objectives 1. Understand how increasingly standardized data, access to third-party data sets, cheap, fast computing and easier-to-use software are collectively enabling a new age of decision making. 2. Be familiar with some of the enterprises that have benefited from data-driven, fact-based decision making. The planet is awash in data. Cash registers ring up transactions worldwide. Web browsers leave a trail of cookie crumbs nearly everywhere they go. And with radio

The Relationship between Humanism and the Reformation

The relationship between humanism and the Reformation Christianity played an important role in humanist tradition when considering that many reformist notable figures were actively involved in promoting humanist thinking. Individuals like Erasmus of Rotterdam and Martin Luther wanted people to make use of complex knowledge with the purpose of trying to understand and interpret Christian faith rather than to simply act in accordance with laws that the church imposes. The fact that these people were well acquainted with principles like morality and logics made it difficult and almost impossible for them to accept absurd legislations, regardless of the position of the individuals who promoted these respective laws. Erasmus and Luther were both consumed by their determination to change societys understanding of religion without abandoning Christianity altogether. They generally believed that by influencing the masses to look at matters from a different perspective they would enable individuals to comprehend that the Catholic Church had a tendency to abuse its position. These people wanted to assist their communities in abandoning medieval and other earlier interpretations of the bible with the purpose of employing a humanist approach at trying to comprehend the document. Humanists read Greek and Hebrew biblical text and realized that there were many discrepancies between their actual meaning and the one that the Church had attributed to them. The fact that humanism wasShow MoreRelatedA New School Of Thought1683 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerned with the relation between man and God. As this concerned developed, the great thinkers of the time formed a new school of thought called humanism. Humanism is virtually the exact opposite of what scholasticism was; a school of thought that’s primary focus is exploring the relationship between humans and the divine entities. Elsewhere in Europe, before the Renaissance made its way out of Italy, movements like the Reformation took place. Though the Reformation was humanistic in nature, inRead MoreErasmus of Rotterdam in Praise of Folly Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesFolly, Erasmus’s seminal pre-Reformation essay examines aspects of Church teaching as well as aspects of worship which Erasmus deems wo rthy of the biting satire he utilises Erasmus was unrelenting in his criticism of pedantry, sophistry and demagoguery among both clerical and secular figures. Rediscovery of Aristotle and the birth of humanism in the renaissance The influence of Erasmus on humanism during this time was so great as to ensure that Northern Renaissance humanism came to be labelled ErasmianRead MoreThe Literary Works Of Middle Age And Renaissance1209 Words   |  5 Pagescritical political changes were occurring. Third, a portion of the noblest goals of the period were best communicated by the development known as Humanism. Fourth, and associated with Humanist standards, was the scholarly teaching of impersonation, vital for its thoughts regarding how abstract functions ought to be made. Humanism A typical distortion of Humanism proposes that it gave reestablished accentuation to life in this world rather than to the supernatural, profound life connected with the MiddleRead MoreThe Importance of the Renaissance to the Reformation in Germany1263 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of the Renaissance to the Reformation in Germany The reformation was a movement that fundamentally challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. The role of the clergy was undermined and the relationships between national countries and the Roman Catholic Church were threatened. The renaissance began in Italy during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries through patronage and the flourishing society, and Rome achieved cultural prominence. It laterRead More The Renaissance and Humanism Essay1795 Words   |  8 PagesThe Renaissance and Humanism You may wonder about, The Renaissance and its relationship to another term, humanism which fits into the same time period. If you check the dictionary, you will find that both terms can be used in a broad sense or more specifically. Humanism refers generally to a devotion to the humanities: literary culture. (My definitions come from Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary). According to that definition we should all be humanists. The other general meaningRead MoreSecular Humanism Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe fall 1986 Tennessee court decision on alleged secular humanism in Holt, Rinehart, Winston textbooks illustrates the continuing controversy over that term. The term secular humanism is used today to castigate a wide spectrum of our populous. The derision with which the term is used suggests images of horrid, grotesque monsters. In reality, however, the term merely consists of two sorely misunderstood words. In combination they suggest a virus, though singly they are innocuous, if not healthyRead MoreThe Religious Conscience Of Europe1178 Words   |  5 PagesThis has not always been true, the many events of the sixteenth century Reformation vastly influenced the development of Christianity. As the fifteenth century closed, it was clear that the church was struggling and in need of reform. Corruption of the papacy was widespread and distrust filled the minds of the people. Historian Justo Gonzalez stated, â€Å"The religious conscience of Europe was divided within itself, torn between trust in a church that had been its spiritual mother for generations, andRead MoreEssay on The Role Of Women in the Renaissance1645 Words   |  7 Pagesawakening from the intellectual darkness of the medieval order and the emergence of many of the concepts that would form the basis for civilization as it is known today. The era saw the birth of new attitudes concerning the role of man in his relationship to the world and to God. Unfortunately, for the most part, the expansion of the role of man did not include the role of women. Renaissance (from the French for rebirth) is a term coined in the nineteenth century originally to denote theRead MoreThe Age Of The Renaissance1287 Words   |  6 Pagesto get this outcome (Rice and Grafton, 1994). Compared to previous time periods, the renaissance time period segregated itself from Christianity and the church. Religion was no longer required to be part of authority or governance. The movement of humanism affected both the government and the politics. Bringing forth the concept of democracy as societies started to value contribution and opinion. The Roman Empire ruled over almost all of Europe. Native rulers started combining powers together in anRead MoreThe Impact of Renaissance on the Present1204 Words   |  5 Pagesspread of â€Å"Renaissance Humanism†, which today, still affects modern day life. (Knox 1999) The Renaissance (1350-1600), named from the French word meaning â€Å"rebirth†, began in Florence Italy, spreading through Europe, and eventually encompassing the western world. Some historians believe that a small group of artists in Florence, Italy initiated the movement after reading author, Giovanni Boccaccio’s (1313-1375), book, â€Å"Decameron†, which depicted the relationships between houseguest during the onslaught

Nursing Sensitive Indicators Are Defined By The American...

Nursing-sensitive indicators are defined by the American Nursing Association (ANA) as â€Å"indicators that reflect the structure, process and outcomes of nursing care† (ANA, 2014). These indicators help define how nursing care is given by measuring the amount of nursing staff, skill level of the nursing staff, and the education level of nursing staff. These indicators depict the quality of care provided to patients and the outcomes of the care provided. Careful tracking of these indicators provides evidence for keeping current practices or for implementing new policy and procedures. A formal set of indicators measuring the impact nursing interventions have on patient care was not implemented until 1998 (Montalvo, I. (2007). With the establishment of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI), hospitals and other care settings are able to assess how nursing interventions impact patient outcomes, quality of care, and the overall work environment in health ca re facilities. Nursing-sensitive indicators are a quality improvement measure used to determine how the quality of nursing care is evaluated in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. Nurse sensitive indicators allow healthcare facilities to evaluate how the care they are providing is following evidence-based practices and how they can improve their practices to achieve better patient outcomes. The American Nurses Association is promoting these indicators as the definitive standards for patient careShow MoreRelatedNursing Sensitive Indicators Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesTASK 1 RTT1 TASK 1 A. Discuss how an understanding of nursing-sensitive indicators could assist the nurses in this case in identifying issues that may interfere with patient care. Nursing-sensitive indicators are determinations used to delineate the excellence of nursing interventions and positive patient outcomes. This is not a new concept. In the 1800’s, Florence Nightingale, a promoter of outcomes, revealed such indicators when she revealed her statistical findings of soldier’s mortalityRead MoreNursing Sensitive Indicators Essay1792 Words   |  8 PagesWestern Governor’s University RTT Task 1 Nursing-sensitive indicators can be an important tool in identifying patient care issues that could potentially arise during a hospital stay. By analyzing the data on specific nursing-sensitive indicators, the quality of patient care can be optimized and patient satisfaction can be improved. The American Nurses Association (ANA) and the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) are two sources of information and guidelines forRead Moreorganizational systems Task 1 Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesGovernors University Nursing-sensitive indicators are defined by the American Nurses Association as indicators that â€Å"reflect the structure, process and outcomes of nursing care. The structure of nursing care is indicated by the supply of nursing staff, the skill level of the nursing staff, and the education/certification of nursing staff† (ANA, 2015). These indicators are outcomes that increase the quality and safety in patient care. Some indicators are patient falls, surgical complicationsRead MoreThe Impact Of Nursing Care On Health Care Quality1453 Words   |  6 Pages The Impact of Nursing Care on Health Care Quality Tasha N. Herndon Duquesne University GPNG 525 Organizational and Clinical Leadership in Nursing and Healthcare Carolyn Griffin October 31, 2015 The Impact of Nursing Care on Health Care quality Nurses are the primary caregivers in all health care settings. Nursing care is an essential part of patient care and delivered in many diverse settings. The quantity of nurses and their vital role in caregiving are compelling motives for determiningRead MoreRtt Task !2909 Words   |  12 PagesQuality Leadership RTT Task 1 Nursing-sensitive Indicators Nursing- sensitive indicators are defined as those outcomes that improve in the presence of greater quantity(higher staffing ratios) or quality(educational levels and competence of nursing staff) of nursing care (www.nursingworld.org). These nursing-sensitive measures help healthcare organizations to analyze the quality and quantity of nursing care services. (www.americansentinel.edu )Nursing sensitive-indicators (NSIs) are characterized byRead MoreThe Level of Competence of Novice Registered Nurses3330 Words   |  14 PagesINTRODUCTION Background of the Study For any newly licensed registered nurse about to embark on her nursing career, the concept of competence is of great personal and professional significance. Questions abound regarding what it means to be a competent nurse and how competence is measured. Nursing competency is defined by the National Council for State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) as the â€Å"application of knowledge, interpersonal decision-making and psychomotor skills expected for the practice roleRead MoreObesity Is A Growing Epidemic Among Men And Women2250 Words   |  9 Pagessame period. In 2012, more than one third of children were overweight or obese. A rigorous and thorough approach was used in conducting a literature review on obesity in healthcare using electronic databases including PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar. A minimum of five peer-reviewed articles within the last five years was used in obtaining information on the topic. There is no specific consensus definition in regards to childhood obesityRead MoreMr. Wilsons Symptoms With Bipolar Affective Disorder1703 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem causing another problem for Mr. Wilson. To start with this case study, Mr. Wilson presents a recurrent bipolar depression, for his welfares, the recovery model will be beneficial to manage Mr. Wilson’s clinical management within advanced nursing care. The three relevant symptom clusters are associated with the patient’s life experiences. The principle of recovery model (RM) is that each individual consumer is perceived as unique and personal especially, the model emphases on what the individualRead MoreChristian Leadership Paper. Our Healthcare System Is In4065 Words   |  17 Pagestreating and curing illness through advanced technology, medications, and procedures has resulted in a loss of emphasis on compassion and caring among healthcare professionals. Now more than ever, the profession of nursing is in need of leaders who embody the fundamental values of nursing which are largely underpinned by theological philosophies. This paper begins with a personal reflection of leadership through a participative leadership perspective. Next, ethical and legal dilemmas, interprofessionalRead MoreThe Importance Of Patient Safety And Preventative Care3017 Words   |  13 PagesAcross the world patient safety is a major concern when discussing nursing care and health care systems. It is the nurse’s responsibility to a dvocate for every one of their patients as well as protect the rights and safety of each patient. This is such an important topic because the care and well-being of the patient should be the nurse’s main concern. While caring for each patient the nurse should practice good safety techniques to help prevent further illness or distress to the patient. In this

Competition in Healthcare Free Essays

In the U. S. economy, when companies or organizations compete for consumers’ business, consumers usually win with lower prices and better quality product (Stossel, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Competition in Healthcare or any similar topic only for you Order Now This idea has spread to the healthcare industry and is being encouraged as a way to increase value for patients (Rivers, 2008). With the healthcare industry being a very diverse industry, there are many different forms of competitions as well as benefits and shortfalls for competition in the healthcare market. Traditional competition in healthcare involves one more elements of price, quality, convenience, superior products or services, new technology and innovations (Rivers, 2008). There are different forms of healthcare competition. One form of healthcare competition is the competition that exists between individuals who provide healthcare such as physicians and other healthcare practitioners (Rivers, 2008). These entities compete for patients who are able to pay on their own, or who have their own health insurance (Rivers, 2008). They also compete off of a non-price basis (Rivers, 2008). This means they are competing with their location, their colleague referrals, and their reputations (Rivers, 2008). Physicians and other healthcare practitioners may also compete in the medical market by reducing competition from non-physicians like psychologist (Rivers, 2008). The benefits for this type of competition are that it forces the healthcare practitioner and physicians to be more patient-orientated. It also encourages prices to competitive since some of these individuals are paying for the services out of their own pocket and is price conscious (Stossel, 2007). Another form of competition in the healthcare industry is healthcare organizations, such as hospitals (Rivers, 2008). These entities compete for physicians, third-party payers and patients (Rivers, 2008). They compete for patients by providing more services, better amenities and discounted prices (Rivers, 2008). They also compete for physicians by trying to maintain a cutting edge of competition with their technology and new medical discoveries (Rivers, 2008). The final form of competition in the healthcare industry is between organizations that provide healthcare financing, insurance and plans. These entities compete with access, premiums, benefits, quality and different degrees of freedom in choosing a provider and the benefits or coverage services. The pitfall for this type of competition is that it can often be confusing for consumers who are comparing different insurance or financing plan. Competition in the healthcare industry is being encouraged to help better the quality of care patients receive as well as reduce medical costs. When patients have the choice of where they receive medical care, competition and having a competitive edge on opponents is important. Since the healthcare industry is so large and diverse, there are different forms of competition between healthcare entities. Ultimately competition is supposed to benefit the consumer and patients. resources: Rivers, P. (2008). Healthcare competition, strategic mission and patietn satisfaction:research models and propositions. Retrieved on October 13, 2012 from www. ncbi. nlm. nib/gov/pmc/articles/PMC2865678 Stossel, J (2007). The Competitive Advantage. http://abcnews. go. com/2020/story? id=36026262page=1 How to cite Competition in Healthcare, Papers

Operations Management of The Target Corporation

Question: Approach this final segment of the project as an analyst for your company that is looking to merge with or purchase the company that you have been looking at throughout the course. Answer: Introduction The main aim of this report is to critically highlight the operations management of the Target Corporation. The report also highlights the strengths, weaknesses of, threats, and opportunities for the company. Lastly, the report suggests, should Target merge with, acquire, or do business with its rival firm. Discussion Operation management of Target Operation management is that particular area of management that concentrates in controlling the process of production in and organization. It also focuses in the redesigning of the operation of the business in the production of services and goods (Slack et al, 2013). The Target Corporation was established by George Dayton in the US and the company has it's headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is a retail organization. The company operates whole across the United States by their retail format to include the hypermarket Super Target. It is a flexible format and discount store along with Target Express before consolidated under the Target branding. (Stephenkahle, 2012). The company is looking for passionate, creative and committed employees that can create innovation to get into the controlling team and product design of the Target Corporation. The company also started the designer partnership to introduce designer strategy in the retail stores (Pratt Kulsrud, 2013). The company offers high-quality services and products at a low price. The company also offers a wide range of products to its customers, which includes clothing, baby equipment, toys, food, furniture, luggage and much more. Target Corporation also has several private level brand s, which includes Embark, Circo, Archer Farms, Market Pantry, Truth, and Merona. The product helps in explaining the utility of the market positioning. The company also offers its customers with discount price services and product. Analyzing the overall operation of the Target it can be inferred that Target is a fastest growing company due to its unique operations, outsourcing and positioning strategy in the market. It is number two to Wal-Mart because the operations outsourced the manufacturing products and positioning strategy as well as high ability to adopt the new approach in the Target Corporation which helps the company maintain its competitive position in the worldwide market. Target has carved out a niche for itself by being more upscale and trend-driven than its rivals. SWOT analysis of Target Corporation Strength (Contributor, 2015) Target is a well-recognized and established brand that is highly valued by the customers. It is considered as a fun place for shopping, just like Wal-Mart. The company has strong marketing expertise in the retail market; it also includes household furnishing and fashion. The company maintains a good relation with the customers, helping them in building a high level of brand loyalty. The company also has the capacity to attract younger customers. The company presents itself as a middle-class brand, which helps in attracting customers that are of the view that discounts stores such as Wal-Mart are distasteful and lower class. Weaknesses (Contributor, 2015) The business model of the company is based on big box stores and other supercenters, which fails to attract customers who prefer shopping from neighborhood stores that are small. The company is also unsuccessful in changing its business model with the changing market demand. The company has recently forwarded its first step towards e-commerce and is lagging behind competitors like Wal-Mart and Amazon. The company is not that diverse and large like its competitors like Wal-Mart, Costco, Amazon and Kroger Inc. The company has also failed to capture some important areas of retails, which includes financial services and filling stations. Opportunities (Contributor, 2015) The company has a good reputation as a fashion retailer, which is appealing for the online customers. The middle-class income in the US is declining, which will force people with low income to shop at discounted stores. The company has also initiated new channels for sales, which includes small neighborhood, same day delivery of the online purchase products, pull and click, helping the company to increase its customer base. The company is an expert in retailing activities in the urban areas, where most of the young Americans prefer to live. Threats (Contributor, 2015) Falling income in the US may reduce the profitable purchase of the company Increasing growth of small discounts retail stores and dollar store Increasing competition from the online retailers like Amazon Increasing competition from the competitors like Kroger Inc, Wal-Mart store, and Costco Wholesale Recommendation After analyzing the Target Corporation thoroughly it can be concluded that it will be better for the Target Corporation to merge with its competitor firm. Merging helps a company from shutting down, diversification, increasing its efficiency and increases investment in RD of the company. References Contributor, P. (2015). SWOT analysis of Target Corporation. PESTLE Analysis. Retrieved 13 June 2016, from https://pestleanalysis.com/swot-analysis-of-target/ Pratt, J., Kulsrud, W., (2013). Corporate, Partnership, Estate and Gift Taxation 2013. USA: Cengage Learning. Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A., Johnston, R. (2013). Operations management. Stephenkahle, (2012). Target Corporation Strategic Marketing Plan. Retrieved from: https://zenportfolios.ca/stephenkahle/project_showcase/target-corporation-strategic-marketing-plan/

Professional and Ethical Guidelines in International Psychology

Question: Discuss about the Professional and Ethical Guidelines in International Psychology. Answer: Introduction: The given case considers a case of Brad Shelton, software consultant with Software Solutions Ltd trading in software products to the accounting firms and small business enterprises. For the purpose of acquiring one software package, he was approached by Jennifer Jolie to travel to Los Angeles to analyze the software package offered by her company, Pitt Ltd. It has been considered that the approach for the trip offered by one of the salesperson of the vendor company and not directly by the company itself in a formal manner. However, the salesperson Jennifer Jolie contended that the expenses for trip would be borne by the vendor company, which will consider the personal and official trip. Accordingly, it can be said that Brad Shelton should not take the trip only on the suggestion of the sales person. Brad is required to confirm the analysis of the software package with the management of the company including the confirmation of trip to Los Angeles before taking up the project. Ethical concerns that may be involved in the present situation are conflicts between professional duties with that of company demands, conflicts between individual responsibilities and consumer demands. It is essential to comply with the ethical behavior with respect to the expenses of the trip for professional purpose and not with the intention on personal purpose (Laporte, OConnor Paucar, 2015). The trip to Los Angeles, which included personal purpose along with the official purpose, was approached by the salesperson, Jennifer Jolie of the vendor company Pitt Limited. In view of the legal requirements, it is important to comply certain regulations with respect to the confirmation of trip that includes personal and professional purpose. In the present case, Jennifer Jolie approached for the trip who is a salesperson of the vendor company. It is important for any official trip to get the confirmation with the companys management in formal manner. Mere approach for the official trip by one of the salespersons cannot be called for a confirmation. Further, there should be proper details about the trip with respect to the expenses, travelling dates, accommodation and other information. In the present situation, Jennifer only offered the about the trip which was not presented in any written form (Hassanli, Gross Brown, 2016). It is important to get the official offer in the writte n form as well as in the official document stating all the necessary details. Accordingly, the management of Software Solutions Ltd should not consider the verbal communication of the sales representative of the vendor company, Pitt Ltd to allow Mr. Brad Shelton to go on the trip. Additionally, there has to be employment policy on the allowing an employee to go on the trip which must be official and the same may or may not include the trip for personal purpose. In the present situation, the organizational management should consider Brads trip only if the company has such policy on sending the employees foreign trip along with the family. Code of conduct refers to the set of principles and rules that outlines the social norms, standards that assists the organizations to perform for the welfare of the stakeholders. It is required to be followed by each of the organizations in all the sectors hence, Software Solutions Ltd should also have code of conduct. It should mention the policies and principles for the employees to protect their rights including the performance of business activities in fair and honest manner (Heiss et al., 2015). Code of the conduct in the organizations provides several benefits to perform the business functions in an effective manner. One of the significant advantages of the code of conduct is ascertainment of acceptable business practice in the organization with respect to the legal standards. The code of conduct also provides the assistance in taking appropriate business decisions in consideration with the production, trading and marketing the products and services. Compliance of code of condu ct also provides the organization in resolving the conflicts between the employees and management or among the employees or at any employment level (Winter, 2015). However, there are certain disadvantages of code of conduct that may be experienced by Software Solutions Ltd that includes time involvement, cultural challenges, designing and enforceable challenges. Formation of code of conduct is a time consuming activity as well as requires to be followed with several cultural needs. It is difficult for the organization to maintain all the necessary standards and legal regulations in the code of conduct policy due to lack of skill and knowledge (Sauvant, 2015). Income statement or the statement of profit and loss for the financial year measures the performance of the organizational business with respect to the expenses and revenues. The profit and loss statement is prepared to determine the organizational profitability for the accounting year by considering the direct and indirect incomes and expenses. Accordingly, the consolidated profit or loss statement or income statement states the combined financial information of the parent or holding company and subsidiary company (Lee, 2015). The consolidated income statement of Greencross Limited states the combined income of the holding company as well as the subsidiary company stating the total combined revenue of $ 734 million during the financial year 2016. The consolidated income statement of the company states the combined profit of parent and subsidiary company amounted to $38 million in the financial year 2016. The consolidated income statement states that the organization had earned profi tability in combination with the income of its subsidiary company in which the parent company holds significant percentage of investment. The statement reflects the organizational cost of acquisition amounted to $2.01 million while the combined cost of sales of goods reflected $324 million during the year 2016. Such amounts reflect the total combined value of cost incurred to sell the goods by the subsidiary company as well as by the parent company including the amount of sales revenue earned by the company. Hence, the consolidated income statement of Greencross Limited determines the combined information on financial transactions incurred by holding subsidiary company (Greencross Limited 2016). Considering the financial statement of Greencross Limited for the financial year ending on 30th June 2016 the value of each of the stated item in consideration with consolidated accounts is as follows: Items Value $000 Classification Reasons i. Cash and cash equivalent 62,583 Current Assets Cash and cash equivalent is classified as current assets since it can be converted into liquid cash immediately. It includes the cash at bank as well as cash in hand. ii. Marketing Costs 10,880 Expenses Marketing cost is classified as an expense since it is incurred by the company for financial year to improve the sale of the products and helps in generating revenue. iii. Occupancy Costs 78,121 Expenses Occupancy cost has been classified as an expense since it is incurred with respect to occupy the space for production, business organization. Occupancy cost includes rent, property taxes, property insurance and other amortization cost. iv. Cost of sales of goods 324,949 Expenses Cost of sales of goods is considered as an expense since it includes the production costs to generate the sales revenue. v. Provisions 20,990 Current Liabilities Provision is classified as current liabilities since it is considered as a present liability of the organization. It is regarded as current liability because it is referred as the present obligation of the company several business expenses. vi. Inventories 92,002 Current Assets Inventory is classified as current- assets since it can be sold by the organization immediately that assists in generating liquid cash. vii. Property, plant and equipment 156,867 Non- Current Assets Property, plant and equipment is classified as non- current assets because it is expected to generate the economic benefits for more than a year. Table 1: Value of financial statement items (Sources: Greencross Limited 2016) Summarized change for the financial statements between the accounting year 2015 and 2016 for each of the item of Greencross Ltd. is mentioned below: Item 2015 % Change 2016 % Change Summary Gross margin percentage 93.61 16.54 It states that the profitability ratio by considering the revenue and operating costs of the organization. During the year, 2015 and 2014 the organization incurred high profitability while during 2015 and 2015 the companys profitability increased by16.54%. Operating expenses 23.85 11.57 During the year, 2015 and 2014 the organizations operating expenses increased by 23.85% while in the year 2016 it increased 11.57%. This percentage indicates the decrease in expenses during the current year 2016. Revenue Growth 74.12 13.80 In the financial year 2014, the amount of revenue of the company was less than that in 2015 by 74.12%. However, the revenue increased by 13.80% during the year 2016 which indicates the performance efficiency of Greencross Ltd. NPAT -117.53 74.61 It states the earnings excluding the cost of finance and tax in order to measure the performance of the organization with the own capital funds. During the year, 2014 the organization incurred net loss while in 2015 it incurred profit hence the percentage changed occurred at 117.53%. On the other hand, Greencross Limited incurred profit during 2016 that increased by 74.16% improving the performance efficiency. Finance Cost 38.35 17.72 It refers the cost incurred to borrow the business funds, which increased during the accounting year 2015 and 2016 but at lower percentage. Non- Current Assets 74.98 6.99 It states the employed assets that generate economic benefits over more than one year. During the year 2015, the value increased by 74.98% and in 2016 by 6.99%. Number of stores and veterinary clinics at the end of the year 9.59 7.50 It indicates the capability of the organization to hire the operating units, which reflected a declined value in 2016. Cash flow from operating activities -39.51 435.27 It indicates the generation of cash from the operating activities, which was negative during the year 2014 while increased at high percentage in 2016. Table 2: Comparative figures of financial statement for 2015 and 2016 (Sources: Greencross Limited 2016) Comparative figures provide information in the change of finances and performance of the business during the two accounting years. The comparative figures of 2015 and 2016 state the increase or decrease in the financial results of the company that assists in making business and investment decisions (Brown, 2016). Such comparative information is useful to the shareholder of Greencross Limited with respect to the companys performance growth, employment of borrowed funds and other financial information. The information will provide the shareholder to compare the generation of sales revenue in consideration with the operating expenses as well as the income from operation after finance charges and tax costs. It is also useful to determine the growth of organization in generating the cash funds from the operating activities ignoring other indirect costs and revenue. Reference: Beccalli, E., Miller, P., O'leary, T. (2015). How analysts process information: technical and financial disclosures in the microprocessor industry.European Accounting Review,24(3), 519-549. Brown, P. J. (2016). Calculation of Environmentally Sustainable Residual Income (eSRI) from IFRS Financial Statements: An Extension of Richard (2012). InIFRS in a Global World(pp. 141-157). Springer International Publishing. Greencross Limited. (2016). Greencrosslimited.com.au. Retrieved 21 November 2016, from https://www.greencrosslimited.com.au/ Hassanli, N., Gross, M. J., Brown, G. (2016). The emergence of home-based accommodations in Iran: A study of self-organization.Tourism Management,54, 284-295. Heiss, M., Oertl, A., Sturm, M., Palensky, P., Vielguth, S., Nadler, F. (2015, April). Platforms for industrial cyber-physical systems integration: contradicting requirements as drivers for innovation. InModeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES), 2015 Workshop on(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Krkinen, E. L., Laitinen, E. K. (2015). Financial and non-financial information in reorganisation failure prediction.International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development,14(2), 144-171. Laporte, C. Y., OConnor, R. V., Paucar, L. H. G. (2015, April). The implementation of ISO/IEC 29110 software engineering standards and guides in very small entities. InInternational Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering(pp. 162-179). Springer International Publishing. Lee, P. J. (2015). Assessment of business subsidiary operations and consolidated financial statements through a common global accounting language, IFRS vs. GAAP.International Journal of Business and Social Research,5(7), 61-70. Nobes, C. W., Stadler, C. (2015). The qualitative characteristics of financial information, and managers accounting decisions: evidence from IFRS policy changes.Accounting and Business Research,45(5), 572-601. Sauvant, K. P. (2015). The negotiations of the United Nations code of conduct on transnational corporations: Experience and lessons learned.The Journal of World Investment Trade,16(1), 11-87. Teuteberg, T., Voll, D., Zlch, H. (2016). The success story of international additives producer AG: A case study on categorization of investments under IFRS.Journal of Accounting Education,34, 13-29. Winter, L. A. (2015). The Presence of Social Justice Principles Within Professional and Ethical Guidelines in International Psychology.Psychotherapy and Politics International,13(1), 55-66